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Engine
The R10's 5.5 litre V12 TDI engine. The two large grey pieces on the left are the diesel particulate filters developed with Audi by Dow Automotive.

Unlike most racing cars competing in the LMP1 series, the R10 is powered by a diesel engine, with two turbochargers and utilizes the Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) technology. The engine itself is a 5.5L V12 made of aluminium, employing common rail direct fuel injection technology. The turbochargers are supplied by Garrett AiResearch, with 39.9 mm (1.57 in) restrictor plates mounted in front of the intake.

The weight of this engine is a problem for Audi. The latest Audi 3.0 L V6 TDI (183 ci) weighs 220 kg (485 lb), and the 4.2 L V8 TDI 255 kg (562 lb) (256.2 ci) but their blocks are made of compacted graphite iron (CGI). The V12 is rumoured to weigh upwards of 200 kg (441 lb);[7] Audi engineers say that the weight per cylinder is the same as the preceding 3.6-litre FSI V8 of the Audi R8.[8] The wheelbase has been increased over the R8 to 2,980 mm (117.3 in) to account for this. This is unfavorable against the 130 kg (287 lb) of a concurrent Judd V10, and even the 180 kg (397 lb) of the Ricardo turbodiesel prototype based on it.[9]

The restrictor is larger than necessary, the car is rumoured to produce 700 hp (522 kW; 710 PS) in qualification, limited by the fuel combustion quality. This value couldn't be maintained in race because it could clog the particulate filter. The peak pressure in the cylinder is probably around about 200 bar, compared with 85 bar for an atmospheric petrol engine.[10]
[edit] Diesels racing at Le Mans

Audi's decision to use a diesel engine emphasizes the commercial success of Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel engine (and its competitors) on Europe's roads. Diesels have been successfully used in other forms of racing as well, as their broad power band and fuel economy can prove advantageous, while in turn, the higher weight and lower rotational speed of the engine requiring new power transmissions are the disadvantages. The rules had to accommodate the need for a high capacity engine with a turbocharger and high boost, whereas both possibilities are no longer allowed for gasoline engines, as these had developed over 1,000 hp (746 kW; 1,014 PS) in several race series of the past.

It isn't, however, the first diesel to be raced at Le Mans. The first diesel-engined car to qualify and race at the 24 h race at Le Mans was a French entry in 1949, the first race held after the Second World War. The car was the Delettrez Diesel entered by brothers Jean and Jacques Delettrez, and was a 4395 cc 6-cylinder. It did not finish, running out of fuel about half way into the race.

Delettrez entered again in 1950, as did another diesel car, the MAP. Again, both cars did not finish due to engine problems, a cooling system leak in the case of the MAP. The MAP was interesting in that it was the first mid-engined car to race at Le Mans; the engine was located immediately behind the driver, and was a four-cylinder opposed piston two-stroke with rocking levers connected to a single crank, similar to the later Commer TS3 engine.[11]

In 2004, a Lola equipped with a Caterpillar re-badged V10 TDI ran for a few hours before breaking its clutch. Peugeot competed with its new diesel effort in 2007 in its 908 HDi FAP race carToyota, D4D Turbo Diesel Common Rail

Engine
The R10's 5.5 litre V12 TDI engine. The two large grey pieces on the left are the diesel particulate filters developed with Audi by Dow Automotive.

Unlike most racing cars competing in the LMP1 series, the R10 is powered by a diesel engine, with two turbochargers and utilizes the Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) technology. The engine itself is a 5.5L V12 made of aluminium, employing common rail direct fuel injection technology. The turbochargers are supplied by Garrett AiResearch, with 39.9 mm (1.57 in) restrictor plates mounted in front of the intake.

The weight of this engine is a problem for Audi. The latest Audi 3.0 L V6 TDI (183 ci) weighs 220 kg (485 lb), and the 4.2 L V8 TDI 255 kg (562 lb) (256.2 ci) but their blocks are made of compacted graphite iron (CGI). The V12 is rumoured to weigh upwards of 200 kg (441 lb);[7] Audi engineers say that the weight per cylinder is the same as the preceding 3.6-litre FSI V8 of the Audi R8.[8] The wheelbase has been increased over the R8 to 2,980 mm (117.3 in) to account for this. This is unfavorable against the 130 kg (287 lb) of a concurrent Judd V10, and even the 180 kg (397 lb) of the Ricardo turbodiesel prototype based on it.[9]

The restrictor is larger than necessary, the car is rumoured to produce 700 hp (522 kW; 710 PS) in qualification, limited by the fuel combustion quality. This value couldn't be maintained in race because it could clog the particulate filter. The peak pressure in the cylinder is probably around about 200 bar, compared with 85 bar for an atmospheric petrol engine.[10]
[edit] Diesels racing at Le Mans

Audi's decision to use a diesel engine emphasizes the commercial success of Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) turbodiesel engine (and its competitors) on Europe's roads. Diesels have been successfully used in other forms of racing as well, as their broad power band and fuel economy can prove advantageous, while in turn, the higher weight and lower rotational speed of the engine requiring new power transmissions are the disadvantages. The rules had to accommodate the need for a high capacity engine with a turbocharger and high boost, whereas both possibilities are no longer allowed for gasoline engines, as these had developed over 1,000 hp (746 kW; 1,014 PS) in several race series of the past.

It isn't, however, the first diesel to be raced at Le Mans. The first diesel-engined car to qualify and race at the 24 h race at Le Mans was a French entry in 1949, the first race held after the Second World War. The car was the Delettrez Diesel entered by brothers Jean and Jacques Delettrez, and was a 4395 cc 6-cylinder. It did not finish, running out of fuel about half way into the race.

Delettrez entered again in 1950, as did another diesel car, the MAP. Again, both cars did not finish due to engine problems, a cooling system leak in the case of the MAP. The MAP was interesting in that it was the first mid-engined car to race at Le Mans; the engine was located immediately behind the driver, and was a four-cylinder opposed piston two-stroke with rocking levers connected to a single crank, similar to the later Commer TS3 engine.[11]

In 2004, a Lola equipped with a Caterpillar re-badged V10 TDI ran for a few hours before breaking its clutch. Peugeot competed with its new diesel effort in 2007 in its 908 HDi FAP race car